Flutter tonguing adds a unique texture to the sound. Double and triple tonguing are used in very fast passages. The player will double or triple tongue when they are unable to play the articulations as normal, "do do do".
Instead, the syllables that they use are "te" and "ke" in various combinations. Playing harmonics on the flute adds coloristic effects to the sound, as well as strengthens embouchure muscles.
Harmonics are the notes that sound when overblowing, a common technique for flutists. To play harmonics on the flute, finger the pitch an octave below the notated pitch and then overblow. The composer may ask the flutist to play harmonics to produce a special sound. The notation for harmonics is a small circle above the note. Vibrato is the even fluctuation of the air column.
Vibrato enriches the tone of the flute and adds to the idea of resembling a singing voice. Vibrato also is used to add direction to a musical line. For flute, vibrato can be produced by either moving throat muscles or abdominal muscles in a pulsating movement.
Key clicking is the slapping down of the keys to produce a percussive and rhythmic effect. Since the flute has pads covering the tone holes, key clicking is very easy for flutists. Glissandi are most commonly heard on a trombone because their slide makes it very easy. Glissandi in the smooth sliding from one note to the other while still playing the notes in between. This effect is most commonly used in jazz music, but modern-day repertoire for concert band utilizes clarinet glissandi.
Vibrato is hardly ever used in a concert band setting. Clarinets will utilize vibrato in a jazz ensemble because the embouchure is looser like a saxophone embouchure.
Maintenance for the flute and the clarinet are pretty similar. A clarinetist or flutist should learn how to fix their instruments when minor problems occur. Furthermore, I recommend having a small screwdriver or repair kit in your music locker or instrument case. If you are not familiar with how to fix your instrument, do not attempt to fix it on your own. Ask your band director, lesson teacher, or local instrument technician for assistance.
For major repairs, always go to a professional music technician for assistance. I also recommend taking your instrument in to a music technician annually for a checkup. To keep the pads of the flute in good condition, use light finger pressure when depressing the keys. Like every instrument, the best way to take care of your instrument is to keep it clean and free of moisture.
The inside of the instrument should be swabbed after every time it's played. The flute is swabbed with a soft, absorbent cloth that is threaded and wrapped around a rod. For minor issues, there are a variety of accessible tools that can be used for maintenance. A Jeweler's screwdriver can be used to adjust any screws that are loose or falling out.
If the same screws keep falling out, you can put a small amount of fingernail polish or white glue on top of the nail to keep it in place. Springs can be fixed by using a crochet hook. Pipe cleaners can be used to clean out the insides of rods. For pads that have fallen out, a bunsen burner or small lighter can be used to replace the pads.
A small paintbrush can be used to remove dust and lint in places that are hard to get to. Saliva and condensation can build up fast inside the clarinet. The clarinet should be swabbed out after every time it is played. A clarinet swab a cloth attached to a drawstring rather than a rod. Before swabbing the clarinet, remember to remove the mouthpiece. If the drawstring part of the swab is pulled through the mouthpiece, there are chances of it gradually refacing the mouthpiece and wearing away the tip of the mouthpiece.
It is very common for saliva and condensation to build up underneath keys which can be missed by the swab. Take a piece of ungummed cigarette paper and place it underneath the pad that has the build-up. The paper will soak up the moisture that was stuck. Similar to the flute, if there are loose screws it is best to take a small screwdriver and screw it back into place. If the screw consistently falls out, then dab a small amount of nail polish or white glue on top of the screw to keep it in place.
Clarinet pads are more fragile and harder to access, so I don't recommend fixing clarinet pads with a lighter. Looking at the minima of the spectrum, we expect that it will play at the frequencies of about Hz, Hz, Hz, Hz, Hz etc. You can try this and find that it does: these are approximately the frequencies of the notes C4, C5, G5, C6, E6 etc - we say that it plays the harmonic series 1f, 2f, 3f, 4f etc where f is the fundamental frequency here about Hz and the others are higher harmonics.
Note that the seventh harmonic lies between A and A , as indicated. If you don't have a flute or clarinet handy, you can listen to the sound files below. Let's now think of the graph above as the impedance spectrum of a clarinet with all tone holes closed. See introduction to clarinet acoustics. The pipe used is slightly longer than the cylindrical part of the bore of the clarinet, so this calculation will be approximate.
Looking at the maxima of the spectrum, we expect that it will play at frequencies of about Hz, Hz, Hz. So this hypothetical cylindrical clarinet with all its holes closed plays a series of notes C3, G4, E5 and some squeaks above that. In other words the series 1F, 3F, 5F etc where F is the fundamental frequency, which is about Hz for the hypothetical clarinet with all holes closed.
In practice, the A clarinet plays a series starting on C 3 and the Bb clarinet D3 and higher notes, because their cylindrical sections are shorter than the flute. This issue is further complicated because A and Bb clarinets are transposing instruments, and so clarinettists give these notes names a minor third or a major second higher, respectively. There are complications due to end corrections , and also to the fact that the clarinet is rather less cylindrical than a flute: it has a flare and a bell at one end, and a strong taper in the mouthpiece at the other.
For a discussion of these differences, see the scientific paper. Overblowing the lowest note on a clarinet. The notes in the diagram are the harmonics. The notes in the sound file are the notes played by overblowing, without using register keys.
With the exception of 3f 0 , the played notes are considerably flatter than the harmonic frequencies. This effect is due to the fact that the instrument is not a simple cylinder. This is discussed in Introduction to clarinet acoustics and in the paper whence these figures come.
The harmonic series of notes is explained in terms of the standing waves of the instrument on the page Pipes and harmonics. This page also explains why sound spectra of notes in the low range of the clarinet have only weak even harmonics in their sound spectra.
Further it explains the case of the conical instruments oboe, bassoon, saxophone : an oboe is roughly as long as a flute and a clarinet, and it is closed like the clarinet, but it plays roughly the same range as the flute and has all harmonics present. First, look closely at the animation in the section above about reflections at an open end of a pipe.
The reflection is caused when a pulse of high pressure air gets to the end of the pipe and it spreads out. But what happens exactly at the end? Inside the tube there is a plane wave, and when the wave is radiating externally it is a spherical wave, but between the two there is some complicated geometry. In this phase, the pulse of air is neither in the free, unimpeded air away from the pipe, nor in the tightly constrained environment of the pipe.
It is somewhere between the two: unconstrained on one side, but constrained by the pipe on the other. As we explain above, the reflection is caused by suction that results when the momentum of the pulse of air takes it away from the pipe. This suction doesn't appear immediately when the pulse reaches the end of the pipe, but a little later, as it starts to spread out.
So the reflection appears to occur slightly beyond the open end of the pipe. To a rather good approximation, this effect can be calculated by assuming that the effective length of the pipe is a little longer than its geometrical length. The difference is called the end correction.
The flute and clarinet are in the woodwind family, change pitches the same way, and play a similar role in ensembles, but this is where the similarities end.
The flute has an airy, light, higher sound with a metal body than the clarinet with its mellow, rich, lower register tone from its wood or plastic body. You may also want to check out our article on the different types of flutes. First, we should look at the difference. While having several similarities, including being a similar length, they are wildly different in looks. The flute has an open hole on the end, and another on the top of the instrument called the embouchure hole.
A clarinet is usually made of plastic in lower-end models and wood, usually black or dark brown. At the top is a mouthpiece with a ligature to hold the single, typically wooden, reed where you blow. The clarinet plays a minor seventh lower than the flute almost a whole octave for its lowest note, but it reaches up almost as high.
By the same token, the flute does play all the way down to C4 middle C on the piano , but the flute sound is weaker and airier in the low range. Learn more about the range of the flute. Musical instruments are defined by how they make their sound. A clarinet player blows on the mouthpiece which holds the wooden reed. For this one, the clarinet embouchure focuses on a tight mouth for creating a good tone. As you blow, the reed vibrates a small distance at fast speeds.
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Clarinet vs Flute. Clarinet is a woodwind instrument with a single-reed mouthpiece, a cylindrical tube with a flared end, and holes stopped by keys.
Flute is a wind instrument made from a tube with holes that are stopped by the fingers or keys. Clarinet has a single reed. Flute does not have a reed.
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