In many transliterations of Arabic, the single opening quotation mark represents the letter ayn and the single closing quotation mark represents the letter hamza. And in some systems a single straight quotation mark is used to separate syllables when there is a letter combination that could be read as a digraph. Very good advice! And for alternatives to the left and right single quotation marks in Arabic transliteration, see CMOS 17, paragraph Enter smart quotes.
Smart Quotes Smart quotes are called smart because they depend on a type of artificial intelligence known as autocorrect. But this system has its flaws. Fortunately, all it takes to prevent this common error is a little bit of human intervention. Getting the Right Mark So how do you make sure that you get an apostrophe instead of a left single quotation mark?
Find the apostrophe in your character map or symbols menu where it may be listed as a right single quotation mark or single closing quotation mark. On a virtual keyboard, press and hold down the apostrophe key to get to the real apostrophe. This works with quotation marks too.
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A well-placed punctuation mark is the difference between 'let's eat …. Pin It on Pinterest. Apostrophes are used to indicate this possession in the following ways:. The bike's handlebars were bent in the crash. The boy's sister traveled by bus to meet us.
My boss's job at the bank was eliminated due to budget cuts. The class's average grade was impressive. The clowns' shoes protruded from the windows of the Volkswagen. Both bananas' peels had turned brown. The children's play received a standing ovation.
The geese's precise formation in the sky impressed the pedestrians. Some words or phrases are awkward to pronounce when the apostrophe is added "geese's precise formation," for example. An author always has the option of rewriting the sentence to avoid this problem "The precise formation of the geese If multiple nouns jointly own another noun, use an apostrophe only on the final noun listed.
In this sentence, one car belongs to both the man and the woman. If multiple nouns each possess another noun individually, each noun should have an apostrophe.
In this sentence, there are two separate motivations, each owned by a different person. My sister-in-law's love of shopping knows no limits. The president-elect's agenda proposed no major policy changes. If an indefinite pronoun a noun that refers to no specific person or thing owns a noun, add -'s. Someone's car is parked in the loading zone. Does anybody's key fit this lock? Possessive proper nouns are the capitalized names of specific persons, places, or things.
We recommend following the same apostrophe use rules for proper nouns as you would for common nouns. For example:. Sally's hair was blond and curly. The Boston Globe's editorial page is popular. Robert Burns's poetry is difficult to understand. Charles Dickens's novels contain an astonishing number of characters.
There are a few exceptions to this rule, of course. One common deviation occurs when only an apostrophe is added to proper nouns that end in -s: Jesus, Moses, and Greek names of more than one syllable ending in -es. Sophocles' plays make one wonder what kind of relationship he had with his parents. Contractions are shortened versions of words or phrases typically limited to casual speech or writing.
Avoid the use of contractions in formal and professional writing. When writing a contraction, remember that an apostrophe marks the place where letters have been omitted. Don't forget to vote! Don't is a contraction of do not ; the o in not has been omitted.
I'm so sick of this cold weather. I'm is a contraction of I am ; the a in am has been omitted. The members of the class of '98 have all gone on to be successful. The pre-Depression era of the '20s was a time of social change and material excess.
The most common apostrophe error is the addition of an apostrophe where one is not needed. We have found apostrophes in some pretty strange places.
The following are some of the most frequent errors:.
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