Rather than be carried automatically on the basic tier, local broadcast stations sometimes choose to enter a "retransmission consent" agreement with cable systems. When the broadcast stations and cable systems fail to reach an agreement, the local station may be dropped until an agreement is reached.
If a local broadcast station is removed, you may be able to watch the station using an over-the-air antenna or by subscribing to a cable or satellite service. Some stations may provide programming on the internet, though its availability may be delayed.
No, but they may choose to do so. With subscribers heading for the exits, some programmers are experimenting with offers to let you "unbundle" the fees they collect —and cut out the cable operator. This shift to streaming services that bypass cable operators—known in the industry as over-the-top viewing—has been accelerated by brisk sales of devices like Roku that let viewers bundle their own streaming services in one place.
That trend could accelerate if and when Apple unveils its long-awaited entry into the fray. Some observers think the tech giant could do to TV viewing what the iPod did to the music industry. Others aren't so sure. It remains to be seen whether a la carte program fees would be less than the bundled price cable subscribers currently pay.
As if all this upheaval wasn't enough, the cable TV industry is now confronting the prospect of an even bigger shift in their business model as "cord nevers"—millennials who grew up with smartphones—bypass cable companies altogether and access the Internet—and watch videos—on their phones.
That poses a threat to everyone's business model—from companies like HBO and ESPN that sell premium content that's expensive to produce—to the cable companies and wireline phone companies that serve up Web access to homes.
As the audience turns more of its shrinking attention to videos on Facebook and YouTube, an entirely new "free" video model is emerging, "where content is being created and distributed entirely outside the existing ecosystem, often at a fraction of the cost of traditional linear TV," said MoffettNathanson analysts in a recent blog post.
How do cable companies make their money? John W. Newsletter: Subscribe. Youtube: Centre for Internet and Society. We invite researchers, practitioners, artists, and theoreticians, both organisationally and as individuals, to engage with us on topics related internet and society, and improve our collective understanding of this field.
To discuss such possibilities, please write to Amber Sinha, Executive Director, at amber[at]cis-india[dot]org or Sumandro Chattapadhyay, Director, at sumandro[at]cis-india[dot]org, with an indication of the form and the content of the collaboration you might be interested in.
The Centre for Internet and Society CIS is a non-profit organisation that undertakes interdisciplinary research on internet and digital technologies from policy and academic perspectives. The areas of focus include digital accessibility for persons with disabilities, access to knowledge, intellectual property rights, openness including open data, free and open source software, open standards, open access, open educational resources, and open video , internet governance, telecommunication reform, digital privacy, and cyber-security.
The research at CIS seeks to understand the reconfiguration of social processes and structures through the internet and digital media technologies, and vice versa.
Through its diverse initiatives, CIS explores, intervenes in, and advances contemporary discourse and regulatory practices around internet, technology, and society in India, and elsewhere. Cable Television. What is Cable TV? How does it work? The figure below gives a high level flow diagram explaining the working of a CATV. Cable TV digitization rule and the end consumer in India An ordinance has been passed by the Government of India making digitization of cable services compulsory.
Filed under: Telecom. Kick-start the economy with cash flow High priced restrictive entry, distorted regulations make India's telecom sector unattractive Short on Spectrum: Need for an enabling policy and regulatory environment.
Site Map Accessibility Contact. In the early s, cable systems began experimenting with ways to use microwave transmitting and receiving towers to capture the signals from distant stations. In some cases, this made television available to people who lived outside the range of standard broadcasts. In other cases, especially in the northeastern United States, it meant that cable customers might have access to several broadcast stations of the same network.
For the first time, cable was used to enrich television viewing, not just make ordinary viewing possible. This started a trend that would begin to flower fully in the s.
The addition of CATV community antenna television stations and the spread of cable systems ultimately led manufacturers to add a switch to most new television sets. People could set their televisions to tune to channels based on the Federal Communications Commission FCC frequency allocation plan, or they could set them for the plan used by most cable systems.
The two plans differed in important ways. In both tuning systems, each television station was given a 6-megahertz MHz slice of the radio spectrum. The channels weren't put into a single block of frequencies, but were instead broken into two groups to avoid interfering with existing radio services. Later, when the growing popularity of television necessitated additional channels, the FCC allocated frequencies in the ultra-high frequency UHF portion of the spectrum.
They established channels 14 to 69 using a block of frequencies between MHz and MHz. Because they used cable instead of antennas, cable television systems didn't have to worry about existing services. Engineers could use the so-called mid-band, those frequencies passed over by broadcast TV due to other signals, for channels Channels 1 through 6 are at lower frequencies and the rest are higher. While we're on the subject of tuning, it's worth considering why CATV systems don't use the same frequencies for stations broadcasting on channels 1 to 6 that those stations use to broadcast over the airwaves.
Cable equipment is designed to shield the signals carried on the cable from outside interference, and televisions are designed to accept signals only from the point of connection to the cable or antenna; but interference can still enter the system, especially at connectors. When the interference comes from the same channel that's carried on the cable, there is a problem because of the difference in broadcast speed between the two signals.
Radio signals travel through the air at a speed very close to the speed of light. In a coaxial cable like the one that brings CATV signals to your house, radio signals travel at about two-thirds the speed of light.
When the broadcast and cable signals get to the television tuner a fraction of a second apart, you see a double image called " ghosting.
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